Panamanian emergency services and medical personnel conduct medical care during a mass casualty exercise as part of Panamax-Alpha Phase II, in Panama City, Panama, Sept. 9, 2025. The MASCAL trained and tested participants on their preparedness and coordination of emergency services in case of a large-scale incident. This supported PANAMAX-Alpha, an exercise which serves as a cornerstone of U.S. Southern Command’s integrated deterrence strategy, aligning with broader U.S. national defense objectives—building trust, enhancing readiness, and preserving freedom of navigation in the hemisphere. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Julia Lebens)